Microbial light-driven ion-pumping rhodopsins generate the membrane potential in response to light by actively transporting ions across the cell membrane 1. In the light-adapted state, the chromophore ...
In the human body the salt content of cells and their surrounding is regulated by sophisticated transport systems. Special channels in the cell membrane selectively permit salt ions to flow in and out ...
Many bacteria and unicellular algae have light-driven pumps in their cell membranes: proteins that change shape when exposed to photons such that they can transport charged atoms in or out of the cell ...
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