Differential equations are commonly used to model dynamical deterministic systems in applications. When statistical parameter estimation is required to calibrate theoretical models to data, classical ...

Stochastic differential equations (SDEs) and random processes form a central framework for modelling systems influenced by inherent uncertainties. These mathematical constructs are used to rigorously ...

Geometric partial differential equations of level-set form are usually constructed by a variational method using either Dirac delta function or co-area formula in the energy functional to be minimized ...

The finite element method (FEM) has evolved into a robust and flexible tool for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) defined on surfaces. Its versatility allows for the treatment of complex ...

Introduces ordinary differential equations, systems of linear equations, matrices, determinants, vector spaces, linear transformations, and systems of linear differential equations. Prereq., APPM 1360 ...

An object is moving counter-clockwise along a circle with the centre at the origin. At \(t=0\) the object is at point \(A(0,5)\) and at \(t=2\pi\) it is back to point \(A\) for the first time.