Contrary to their name, rare earth elements (REE) constitute a significant portion of the Earth's crust, where they exist dispersed among various minerals. The demand for REE has surged in recent ...

Figure 1: Example of an ICP-OES setup. In addition to figuring out how to successfully introduce a sample into the system, one has a number of choices regarding system configuration, many of which are ...

Knowing and controlling the concentrations of certain elements while mixing base oils and additives for use as lubricants is important to achieve optimal performance and longer engine life. As this ...

Lubricating oils are the essence of oil-wetted machinery. Elements like calcium, copper barium, boron, molybdenum, magnesium, sulfur phosphorus, and zinc are employed as additives in lubricating oils ...