The lower urinary tract is innervated by a complex system of autonomic and somatic nerves, the former of which control the smooth muscle of the bladder and the urethra and the latter of which activate ...

Researchers have shown that the increased incidence of infections seen in spinal cord injury patients is directly linked to a disruption of the normal central nervous system. A newly-discovered reflex ...

A tickle in the nose can help trigger a sneeze, expelling irritants and disease-causing pathogens. But the cellular pathways that control the sneeze reflex go far beyond the sinuses and have been ...

The Babinski reflex, or Babinski sign, is a reflex response in the bottom part of the foot. It occurs as a reaction to stroking the sole of the foot with a blunt object. The Babinski reflex is one ...

Stimuli are changes in our environment that we respond to and are detected by receptors. Different receptors are sensitive to different stimuli (eg receptors in the eye are sensitive to light). A ...

Recent research shows that swearing can actually change how much pain people can handle. A 2024 review looked at studies on swearing’s pain-reducing effects and found consistent evidence that people ...

A newly-discovered reflex arc mediates a process which leads to a disruption in the hormones secreted by the adrenal glands which, in turn, results in an increased susceptibility to bacterial ...