Feb 18, 2019 · Virtual particles are a mathematical device used in perturbation expansions of the S-operator (transition matrix) of an interaction in quantum field theory.

Apr 6, 2016 · As discussed in detail in the companion article, virtual particles are defined as (intuitive imagery for) internal lines in a Feynman diagram.

Mar 28, 2016 · There is considerable confusion about various notions around the concept of particles of subatomic size, and about the notion of a virtual particle.

Nov 7, 2016 · This Insight Article is a sequel of the Insight Articles ” The Physics of Virtual Particles ” and “ Misconceptions about Virtual Particles “ which make precise what a virtual …

Jan 19, 2017 · In short, the concept of virtual particles is well-defined and useful when restricted to its use in Feynman diagrams and associated technical discussions.

Nov 27, 2022 · He explains virtual particles in terms of interacting 'ripples' between two 'real' particles. I initially pictured 'quantum fluctuations' as the random movement or appearance of …

Feb 19, 2005 · Of course, this means that those two particles have to annihilate with each other before \Delta t is over, or if an external source of energy is given to the vacuum to make up for …

Apr 18, 2006 · This discussion centers on the relationship between virtual particles and zero-point energy in quantum mechanics. Zero-point energy represents the lowest energy state of a …

Jul 13, 2003 · The issue arises whether virtual particles can be considered to be "real" in the same sense that photons of light can be. So exactly when is a photon real and when is it …

Aug 26, 2014 · I understand a virtual particle is not technically a particle, but more of a disturbance in a field. I can't seem to wrap my head around the concept and why it has large …